Spectrum of Adult Anorectal Diseases in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara
Keywords:
Anorectal disease, Anorectal disorders, Anorectal conditions, hemorrhoids.Abstract
Background: Presentations of anorectal diseases are relatively common in surgical clinics. This paper documents the spectrum of adult anorectal diseases and highlights the most common forms of presentation.
Methods: This was a 5-year prospective study between November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2019 among non-trauma patients older than 18 years who presented to the surgical outpatient clinics, emergency room or referred by other units with anorectal complaints. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS, version 23).
Results: Out of 206 patients evaluated, 117 (56.8%) were males, while 89 (43.2%) were females giving a M:F ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age was 48±13.7 years. Majority of the patients (142, 68.9%) were between 30-59 years old.
The most common presenting complain was rectal bleeding in 148 patients (71.8%) and the least was fecal incontinence in 8 patients (3.9%).
The most common diagnosis was hemorrhoids (88, 42.7 %) followed by rectal carcinoma (62, 30.1%), fistula-in-ano (29, 14.1%) and anal cancer (24, 11.7%). Among patients with rectal and anal carcinoma, hemorrhoids occurred in 83 (40.3%, p=0.289) and 29 (29.2%, p=0.527) patients respectively while rectal bleeding occurred in 79.0% of patients with rectal carcinoma (p=0.132) and 87.5% of patients with anal carcinoma (p=0.07).
Conclusion: Rectal bleeding is the most common anal symptom while hemorrhoids is the most common anorectal disease condition in our environment. Patients older than 30 years in our environment who present with rectal bleeding or hemorrhoids should be further evaluated to rule out anal or rectal carcinoma, particularly rectal carcinoma.
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